Openwrt从入门到放弃

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我用Openwrt也有相当一段时间了，并且零零散散的写过不少东西，本文整合了以前几篇文章，算是一站式攻略。

关于OpenWrt

  • 全称：Open Wireless Router
  • 是一个Linux发行版
  • 能够跑在很多路由器上
  • 相比原厂固件，可以完全掌控路由器，自行安装软件包

入坑原因

我用的猫（modem）是TP-Link的TC-W7960，这个设备有点特殊，是猫（modem）和路由器一体的。但是这个猫的WIFI只有2.4GHz，不能跑满我的带宽，所以在2019年黑五另外买了TP-Link Archer A7 v5，税后价格是$35。在美国，这个价格买全新路由器感觉也还可以了，不过当然没有国内实惠。碰巧我有台激光打印机，想连接到路由器实现无线打印功能，但是TP-Link原厂固件没法实现这个需求。后来我发现了Openwrt这个东西，就打开了新世界的大门。

安装

首先，在[OpenWrt Wiki] Table of Hardware查看支持的路由器型号，然后进入对应型号的Wiki页面。下面以我的Archer A7 v5为例。

进入[OpenWrt Wiki] TP-Link Archer A7 v5之后，就能找到所有的相关信息了。基本上就两种安装方法，一种是直接在原厂固件的升级页面安装，另一种就是通过TFTP来安装。

注意：有些型号可能很难甚至无法恢复到原厂固件，所以刷机前三思而后行。

设置密码

有两种方式可以登录安装了OpenWrt的路由器，分别是命令行（ssh）和WebUI（LuCI）。值得注意的是，路由器默认没有密码，并且不会自动开启WIFI，所以这里需要接一根网线进行设置。

ssh

进去之后应该会看到类似下面这样的内容，然后要通过passwd命令设置密码。注意，这里密码在输入的时候是看不到的。

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> ssh root@192.168.1.1
BusyBox v1.30.1 () built-in shell (ash)

  _______                     ________        __
 |       |.-----.-----.-----.|  |  |  |.----.|  |_
 |   -   ||  _  |  -__|     ||  |  |  ||   _||   _|
 |_______||   __|_____|__|__||________||__|  |____|
          |__| W I R E L E S S   F R E E D O M
 -----------------------------------------------------
 OpenWrt 19.07.7, r11306-c4a6851c72
 -----------------------------------------------------
=== WARNING! =====================================
There is no root password defined on this device!
Use the "passwd" command to set up a new password
in order to prevent unauthorized SSH logins.
--------------------------------------------------

LuCI

浏览器直接访问192.168.1.1，然后不需要输入密码，直接点登录，就进去了。接下来在 System（系统）> Administration（管理权）> Router Password（路由器密码）可以直接修改密码。

一般来说OpenWrt都是自带LuCI的，如果没有，可以用下面命令安装。

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opkg update
opkg install luci
// 如果要安装中文语言包，还要额外运行下面命令
// 因为语言设置默认是auto，所以安装完语言包之后就会自动切换成中文
opkg install luci-i18n-base-zh-cn

开启WIFI

WIFI最好通过图形界面（LuCI）开启，相关设置在 Network（网络）> Wireless（无线）里头。

选择启用之后，记得进入 Edit（编辑）> Interface Configuration（接口配置）> Wireless Security（无线安全）来设置密码。

WIFI名在 Interface Configuration（接口配置）> General Setup（常规设置）> ESSID 修改。

opkg包管理

OpenWrt通过opkg来管理软件包，可以在LuCI的 System（系统）> Software 进行管理，或者直接使用命令行操作。

opkg命令行的用法可以参考[OpenWrt Wiki] Opkg package manager。

基本用法如下：

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// 安装软件包
opkg update
opkg install <package>

// 卸载软件包
opkg remove <package>

// 查看全部软件包（可以自行用 grep / awk 进行筛选）
opkg list

// 查看已安装软件包
opkg list-installed

// 查看可升级软件包
opkg list-upgradable

个人建议能正常运作就不要瞎折腾。

安装打印服务

如果你有一台有线打印机，那么可以把打印机直接连接到路由器上，从而实现无线打印。

路由器端

先安装下面这几个模块

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opkg install kmod-usb-printer p910nd luci-app-p910nd

然后把打印机用USB连到路由器上，输入dmesg | grep printer，如果返回类似下面这个就代表打印机被识别了。

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[   12.358708] usblp 1-1:1.0: usblp0: USB Bidirectional printer dev 2 if 0 alt 0 proto 2 vid 0x04F9 pid 0x0062

确认打印机能够被识别后，记得重启路由器！

接下来登入LuCI，进入“服务” > “p910nd - Printer server”。

  • enable打勾
  • 如果默认的设备（/dev/usb/lp0）不对，可以自行修改（ls /dev/usb/lp*可以查看打印机是否被识别）
  • 接口保持“未指定”，无需修改
  • 端口也不需要改，就是默认的9100
  • Bidirectional mode打勾

到这里，路由器这边就配置完成了。

电脑端

Windows 10

  • 控制面板 > 硬件和声音 > 设备和打印机
  • 添加打印机
  • 点击“我需要的打印机不在列表中”
  • 选从TCP/IP添加
    • 这步之后会要求更多信息，选自定义
  • 添加标准TCP/IP端口（Standard TCP/IP Port）
    • 端口名随意（我写的打印机型号）
    • 打印机名或IP地址：192.168.1.1
    • 协议（Protocol）：Raw
    • 端口（Port Number）：9100
  • 安装打印机驱动

Linux

Linux则是通过CUPS配置，需要准备打印机的ppd文件，打印机地址是socket://192.168.1.1:9100。

恢复出厂设置

注意：出厂设置指的是重置OpenWrt系统，并不能恢复原厂固件。

OpenWrt使用的是overlayfs，所有的修改都是在/overlay目录下，因此可以很容易的还原。直接运行firstboot就可以了。

跑完之后，就直接输入reboot，然后ssh就会断开，稍等片刻就可以尝试再次连接。因为恢复了出厂设置，所以登录密码也会被清除。

系统升级

升级OpenWrt是很容易的，可以通过ssh或者LuCI操作。

首先在对应设备的Wiki页面找到带有 sysupgrade 的升级包。

ssh

使用wget下载升级包，如下所示。

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root@OpenWrt:~# wget http://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/19.07.1/targets/ath79/generic/openwrt-19.07.1-ath79-generic-tplink_archer-a7-v5-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin

然后就使用sysupgrade命令进行升级。

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root@OpenWrt:~# sysupgrade -v openwrt-19.07.1-ath79-generic-tplink_archer-a7-v5-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin 
（篇幅所限，省略对本文无意义的输出内容。。。）
Commencing upgrade. Closing all shell sessions.
Connection to 192.168.1.1 closed by remote host.
Connection to 192.168.1.1 closed.

稍等片刻，就可以再次尝试登录OpenWrt了。

LuCI

在电脑上直接下载升级包，然后在 System（系统）> Backup / Flash Firmware（备份/升级）> Flash new firmware image（刷写新的固件）上传固件进行升级。

问题排查

出现问题之后千万不要慌，先看日志。

在 System（系统）菜单可以找到 System Log（系统日志）和 Kernel Log（内核日志）。如果发现了报错信息，可以复制出来上网搜下，大概率别人已经遇到过了。如果没找到相关问题，可以在OpenWrt论坛上面发帖求助。

似乎是这俩型号特有的问题，表现就是全部设备的WiFi被断开，然后过10秒左右自动恢复。完整日志如下所示：

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Sun Nov 28 13:53:51 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750260.203769] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:51 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750260.306164] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:51 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750260.408586] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:51 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750260.510985] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:51 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750260.613385] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:51 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750260.715785] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:51 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750260.818187] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:51 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750260.920592] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:52 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750261.022992] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:52 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750261.125391] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:52 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750261.227795] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:52 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750261.330184] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:52 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750261.432594] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:52 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750261.535001] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:52 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750261.637397] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:52 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750261.739808] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:52 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750261.842191] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:52 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750261.944618] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:53 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750262.047010] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:53 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750262.149411] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:53 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750262.251815] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:53 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750262.354220] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:53 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750262.456724] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:53 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750262.559017] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:53 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750262.661421] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:53 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750262.763833] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:53 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750262.866227] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750262.968634] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.071038] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.173435] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.185820] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: Cannot communicate with firmware, previous wmi cmds: 36904:274997163 36954:274997100 36904:274997090 36904:274997088, jiffies: 274997408, attempting to fake crash and restart firmware, dev-flags: 0x42
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.208099] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: failed to send wmi nop: -143
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.214587] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: could not request stats (type -268435456 ret -143 specifier 1)
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.224477] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: failed to send pdev bss chan info request: -143
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.234778] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: failed to set beacon mode for vdev 0: -143
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.242615] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: failed to set dtim period for vdev 0: -143
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.250709] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: firmware crashed! (guid 0b8c75c5-c47d-46de-8864-73c4d3092d00)
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.info kernel: [2750263.260233] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: qca988x hw2.0 target 0x4100016c chip_id 0x043202ff sub 0000:0000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.info kernel: [2750263.269947] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: kconfig debug 0 debugfs 1 tracing 0 dfs 1 testmode 0
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.info kernel: [2750263.282073] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: firmware ver 10.1-ct-8x-__fW-022-ecad3248 api 2 features wmi-10.x,has-wmi-mgmt-tx,mfp,txstatus-noack,wmi-10.x-CT,ratemask-CT,regdump-CT,txrate-CT,flush-all-CT,pingpong-CT,ch-regs-CT,nop-CT,set-special-CT,get-temp-CT,tx-rc-CT,cust-stats-CT,retry-gt2-CT,txrate2-CT,beacon-cb-CT,wmi-block-ack-CT crc32 3e4cf97f
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.info kernel: [2750263.313602] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: board_file api 1 bmi_id N/A crc32 bebc7c08
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.info kernel: [2750263.321340] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: htt-ver 2.1 wmi-op 2 htt-op 2 cal file max-sta 128 raw 0 hwcrypto 1
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.331391] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: firmware register dump:
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.337425] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [00]: 0x00940750 0x00400C00 0x00980000 0x009AF0DC
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.345787] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [04]: 0x009AF148 0x009AF264 0x00941B6C 0x00941B20
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.354139] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [08]: 0x00941B00 0x009423A4 0x009422DC 0x009422C4
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.362501] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [12]: 0x00941B90 0x009423F4 0x009423D4 0x009423DC
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.370866] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [16]: 0x009423E4 0x009423EC 0x00942888 0x00942520
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.379230] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [20]: 0x009424FC 0x0094241C 0x00942540 0x00942498
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.387588] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [24]: 0x00942450 0x0094250C 0x009424D0 0x00942750
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.395945] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [28]: 0x00942798 0x00942844 0x009428C4 0x00942594
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.404298] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [32]: 0x0094258C 0x00942C28 0x00942F4C 0x00942F7C
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.412658] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [36]: 0x00942F90 0x00942FE4 0x00942FF8 0x00943040
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.421016] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [40]: 0x0094077C 0x00940790 0x00943084 0x00942F00
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.429376] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [44]: 0x009AF290 0x00942A80 0x00942D40 0x00942D64
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.437735] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [48]: 0x00942D78 0x00942D9C 0x00957E18 0x00957E28
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.446094] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [52]: 0x00957E20 0x00940788 0x009430EC 0x00000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.454446] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [56]: 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.462804] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: Copy Engine register dump:
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.469111] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [00]: 0x00057400   8   8   3   3
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.475952] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [01]: 0x00057800  31  31  65  66
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.482782] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [02]: 0x00057c00   0   0 111   0
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.489624] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [03]: 0x00058000  18  18  18  18
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.496462] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [04]: 0x00058400 6645 6645  36 252
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.503471] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [05]: 0x00058800  30  30 336 350
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.510317] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [06]: 0x00058c00   5   5   5   5
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.517161] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [07]: 0x00059000   0   0   0   0
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.524103] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: debug log header, dbuf: 0x411aa8  dropped: 0
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.532082] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [0] next: 0x411ac0 buf: 0x40f90c sz: 1500 len: 480 count: 30 free: 0
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.542225] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: ath10k_pci ATH10K_DBG_BUFFER:
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.548799] ath10k: [0000]: AA0BDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 BE0BDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.558326] ath10k: [0008]: D30BDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 E70BDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.567851] ath10k: [0016]: FC0BDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 100CDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.577378] ath10k: [0024]: 250CDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 390CDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.586897] ath10k: [0032]: 4E0CDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 620CDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.596424] ath10k: [0040]: 770CDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 8B0CDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.605949] ath10k: [0048]: A00CDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 B40CDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.615467] ath10k: [0056]: C90CDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 DD0CDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.624988] ath10k: [0064]: F20CDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 060DDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.634513] ath10k: [0072]: 1B0DDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 2F0DDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.644038] ath10k: [0080]: 440DDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 580DDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.653562] ath10k: [0088]: 6D0DDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 810DDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.663086] ath10k: [0096]: 960DDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 AA0DDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.672612] ath10k: [0104]: BF0DDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 D30DDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.682135] ath10k: [0112]: E80DDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000 FC0DDC07 204CFC0B 08000000 0B000000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750263.691657] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: ATH10K_END
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.696593] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: [1] next: 0x411aa8 buf: 0x40fefc sz: 1500 len: 0 count: 0 free: 0
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.711174] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.719087] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.726943] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.734751] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.742611] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: SWBA overrun on vdev 0, skipped old beacon
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.763620] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: failed to set cts protection for vdev 0: -143
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.771680] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: failed to recalculate rts/cts prot for vdev 0: -143
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.780252] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: failed to set preamble for vdev 0: -143
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.787729] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: failed to set mgmt tx rate -143
Sun Nov 28 13:53:54 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.834240] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: failed to transmit management frame via WMI: -143
Sun Nov 28 13:53:55 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.940262] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: removing peer, cleanup-all, deleting: peer faa4cef1 vdev: 0 addr: 3c:6a:a7:93:2a:c4
Sun Nov 28 13:53:55 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.951823] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: removing peer, cleanup-all, deleting: peer 2deeafc4 vdev: 0 addr: 74:e2:0c:ac:46:24
Sun Nov 28 13:53:55 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.963357] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: removing peer, cleanup-all, deleting: peer f35f1b0d vdev: 0 addr: 44:5e:cd:b1:9c:96
Sun Nov 28 13:53:55 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.974856] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: removing peer, cleanup-all, deleting: peer ac4a0710 vdev: 0 addr: fc:49:2d:40:62:11
Sun Nov 28 13:53:55 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750263.986359] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: removing peer, cleanup-all, deleting: peer aa7968b7 vdev: 0 addr: 98:da:c4:0a:7d:23
Sun Nov 28 13:53:55 2021 kern.info kernel: [2750264.160387] ieee80211 phy0: Hardware restart was requested
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.136442] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: 10.1 wmi init: vdevs: 16  peers: 127  tid: 256
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.info kernel: [2750265.154051] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: wmi print 'P 128 V 8 T 410'
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.info kernel: [2750265.160725] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: wmi print 'msdu-desc: 1424  sw-crypt: 0 ct-sta: 0'
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.info kernel: [2750265.169220] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: wmi print 'alloc rem: 24984 iram: 38672'
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.237998] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: pdev param 0 not supported by firmware
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.245750] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: set-coverage-class, phyclk: 88  value: 0
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.info kernel: [2750265.254112] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: rts threshold -1
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.err kernel: [2750265.271405] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: Invalid state: 3 in ath10k_htt_tx_32, warning will not be repeated.
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.281432] ------------[ cut here ]------------
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.286475] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 15852 at target-mips_24kc_musl/linux-ath79_generic/ath10k-ct-regular/ath10k-ct-2021-09-22-e6a7d5b5/ath10k-5.10/htt_tx.c:1490 ieee80211_is_robust_mgmt_frame_tx+0xba8/0xc24 [ath10k_core]
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.306575] Modules linked in: ath9k ath9k_common pppoe ppp_async iptable_nat ath9k_hw ath10k_pci ath10k_core ath xt_state xt_nat xt_conntrack xt_REDIRECT xt_MASQUERADE xt_FLOWOFFLOAD xt_CT pppox ppp_generic nf_nat nf_flow_table_hw nf_flow_table nf_conntrack mac80211 ipt_REJECT cfg80211 xt_time xt_tcpudp xt_multiport xt_mark xt_mac xt_limit xt_comment xt_TCPMSS xt_LOG usblp slhc nf_reject_ipv4 nf_log_ipv4 nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv4 iptable_mangle iptable_filter ip_tables hwmon crc_ccitt compat ledtrig_usbport nf_log_ipv6 nf_log_common ip6table_mangle ip6table_filter ip6_tables ip6t_REJECT x_tables nf_reject_ipv6 sha256_generic libsha256 seqiv jitterentropy_rng drbg hmac ghash_generic gf128mul gcm ctr cmac ccm fsl_mph_dr_of ehci_platform ehci_fsl ehci_hcd gpio_button_hotplug usbcore nls_base usb_common aead cryptomgr crypto_null crypto_hash
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.383875] CPU: 0 PID: 15852 Comm: kworker/0:2 Not tainted 5.4.155 #0
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.390926] Workqueue: events_freezable 0x86c00118
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.396068] Stack : 85869c80 877adcac 00000009 4000001e 86f48c30 800be140 80623e78 00000017
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.404879]         85869cbc 00000000 80616d54 85915b04 877adcac 00000001 85915ad8 95cb7e69
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.413696]         00000000 00000000 806d64a0 0000044d 00000000 00000000 20307838 36633030
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.422510]         0000044d 859159e3 ffffffff ffffffff 00000000 00000000 00000000 877adcac
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.431317]         00000009 4000001e 86f48c30 87ec6070 00000003 8032d470 00000000 80820000
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.440125]         ...
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.442825] Call Trace:
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.445541] [<8006970c>] show_stack+0x30/0x100
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.450317] [<80084fe8>] __warn+0xc0/0x10c
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.454721] [<80085090>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x5c/0xac
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.460096] [<877adcac>] ieee80211_is_robust_mgmt_frame_tx+0xba8/0xc24 [ath10k_core]
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.468301] [<87782308>] 0x87782308
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.472090] ---[ end trace 8d6ffe41140f20d1 ]---
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.477046] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: failed to transmit packet, dropping: -19
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.484600] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: failed to submit frame: -19
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.warn kernel: [2750265.490992] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: failed to push frame: -19
Sun Nov 28 13:53:56 2021 kern.info kernel: [2750265.497223] ath10k_pci 0000:00:00.0: device successfully recovered

很明显，固件崩溃了，然后自动重启，那具体的表现当然是设备掉线咯。这种问题，复制报错第一行内容，然后搜论坛，大概率有人踩过坑了~

果不其然，很快就找到了一些相关帖子：

看起来，这里有两种固件，一种是原厂的闭源驱动（Ath10k），另一种是Candela Technologies的改版驱动（Ath10k-ct）。然而不知道从什么时候开始，Openwrt就把默认的驱动从Ath10k换成了Ath10k-ct，然后一些型号就出了奇奇怪怪的毛病。所以把驱动手动换回去就完事了。。。

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opkg update
opkg remove ath10k-firmware-qca988x-ct kmod-ath10k-ct
opkg install ath10k-firmware-qca988x kmod-ath10k
reboot

救砖

OpenWrt还是比较经得起折腾的，万一弄坏了，也还有救。不过如果变砖（无法进入系统），那就稍微有点麻烦了。

一般来说，bootloader不会被破坏，所以可以通过TFTP（Trivial File Transfer Protocol）来传输固件。关于TFTP的使用方法，可以看[OpenWrt Wiki] Setting up a TFTP server for TFTP Recovery/Install

TFTP服务端有很多，这里推荐几个：

  • Windows
    • Solarwinds TFTP server
    • Tftpd64 / Tftpd32
  • Linux
    • tftpd-hpa

Windows上的TFTP服务端操作比较友好，所以这里单独写下Linux上的操作。

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// 修改配置文件来指定ip地址
sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

// 重启网卡
sudo ifconfig eth0 down
sudo ifconfig eth0 up

// 检查69端口（查看tftp server是否启动）
sudo netstat -tupena | grep :69

// 重启tftpd-hpa
sudo systemctl restart tftpd-hpa

// 修改tftpd-hpa配置
sudo nano /etc/default/tftpd-hpa

// 查看tftpd-hpa日志
tail -n 100 /var/log/syslog | grep tftpd

如果TFTP都救不回来，那基本只能拆机了。如果真走到这一步，除非你有成套的工具，否则还是建议直接买个新的好了。。。